Mohammad Musfik Hasan began his formal cricket journey through the Lalmonirhat local leagues before advancing through the regional youth pipeline. He represented Bangladesh at the youth international level, featuring in the squad for the 2021 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup and the 2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies.

The right-arm medium-fast bowler quickly built a reputation as an accurate and sharp red-ball strike bowler playing for Rangpur Division in first-class cricket and Mohammedan Sporting Club in List A cricket. He made an immediate splash on his first-class debut during the 2022-23 National Cricket League, picking up a five-wicket haul in his very first match. Later in that same campaign, he delivered a spell of 8/73 against Dhaka Division, just the third eight-wicket haul in Bangladesh's first-class history. He went on to finish that standout debut NCL season among the leading wicket-takers, with 25 wickets from six matches.

Musfik made his entry into the Bangladesh Premier League when he was drafted by the Comilla Victorians for the 2024 season, making his T20 debut against Durdanto Dhaka. His consistent domestic form carried him through stints with several other T20 franchises, including Khulna Tigers, Dhaka Capitals and Noakhali Express, while he remained a regular fixture for Rangpur Division across formats, contributing to the side's back-to-back National Cricket League T20 titles. Musfik's rapid domestic ascent earned him regular selections for Bangladesh A and the Bangladesh Emerging squad on multi-day tours against sides including West Indies A and India A.

His consistency with the red ball caught the eye of national selectors, earning him his maiden call-up to the senior Bangladesh Test squad in June 2023 for the one-off Test against Afghanistan. He remained uncapped after that selection and was named in the squad again for the 2024 home series against Sri Lanka without featuring. Another call-up followed two years later, in 2026, on the back of his domestic form and performances for the Bangladesh Emerging side. This time it was for the first Test of Bangladesh's tour of Australia, marking him out as one of the leading prospects in the country's pace bowling pipeline.